Friday, 3 March 2017

Someone help! I’m 12 years old and taller than my 5.7 ft. parents (By S.Pierre)

  Majority, if not all, of us who have made it into adulthood, have gone through puberty.

  For the past seven years of my life, I’ve learnt and experienced that rapid growth occurs during puberty. Like all natural processes in the body, growth is of great importance since it prepares the body for reproduction, efficient cell replacement and the strain of adulthood. Seeing that growth is important, we measure it through height and dry mass.

  At a recent group meeting, I heard a huge bass voice. That’s a frightening voice I thought. I started looking for the source of that voice until I came across a giant kid……do 6 ft. kids even exist?  The kid continued talking to a lady next to him.  Somehow, the conversation took a turn for the worst. He started crying to the point where his words became confusing and all I heard were “can’t stop growing”, “maybe it’s normal even though the normal is 4.8 ft.”, “I grew 8 inches in a year” and “I’m 12 and my parents are 5.7 ft.”  The kid believed that his growth was normal but it wasn’t.  
                                     


  As mentioned before, height is used to measure growth, but that kid’s height as well as growth rate wasn’t normal. By medical standards, he was taller than 99.9% of the children his age. An abnormal and rapid increase in height that occurs before adulthood is usually due to a non cancerous tumor which affects the endocrine system’s pituitary gland. This condition is known as gigantism.

  During gigantism, the tumor cells in the anterior pituitary lobe produce more Growth Hormone (GH) than normal. As a result, the release of hypothalamic Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) can no longer balance GH levels so protein synthesis and the use of fat for fuel also become abnormally high. In addition to this, the liver and other tissues are stimulated to release Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) at much higher rates.  Simply put, growth occurs everywhere (skeletal muscles, bones etc.) and highly manifests itself as rapid upward growth in children, because of their long bones’ unsealed epiphyseal growth plates. Besides rapid upward growth, other signs of gigantism include:
  •          Large hands and feet
  •          A prominent jaw and forehead
  •          Weakness and headaches
   

                                       Picture of Pituitary Gland  

 
                                           
                               Picture of Growth Hormone's Effects



         
                        Picture of an Immature and Mature Growth Plate 


  The body of a person suffering from gigantism doesn’t get a chance to adapt to the growth. Untreated gigantism can result in health problems such as stroke, nerve damage, weak muscles etc., so medical intervention is always needed.

  Zooming in on the kid! I rushed to him in order to say that he should see a doctor. If the doctor thinks the same as I do, he/she would recommend:
  • Blood testing:  In this test, GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) levels are measured. If GH levels are above normal compared to that of the usual amount for age, (more than 0-20 ng/mL or 0-904 pmol/L for 12 yr olds), gigantism is suspected. Increased IGH-I levels also indicate gigantism.
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): In this test, a person is given 75 grams of glucose solution. If blood GH levels remain the same or do not drop to less than 1 ng/ml, GH levels are too high.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):  In this test, a scan uses magnetic waves to create images of the pituitary gland. If a dense, whitish and abnormal mass is found within the pituitary gland's region, a tumor is present.

  If each test, especially the MRI comes out positive for gigantism, the doctor would treat the pituitary tumor by surgical removal, radiation therapy and/or medicines - specifically Somatostatin analogues which suppress GH secretion. Medicines are used when other forms of treatment risk the patient's life or gigantism occurs without a tumor. Shockingly, the 12 yr. old child might still grow more after treatment!!!!!



                     Picture Showing Methods of Treating Gigantism

  Remember, too much of anything has always been bad. If you notice abnormal growth in a child, you should advise the child to seek medical attention. To read more about gigantism, click here and then click here.



1 comment:

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